What an extra payment actually does
An extra payment applied to principal skips ahead in your amortization schedule. Every dollar of principal you retire early removes all the interest that dollar would have generated over every remaining month of the loan.
That is why the savings are so lopsided in favor of early extra payments. On a 30-year mortgage, an extra $250 a month in year one can save six figures of interest; the same $250 starting in year twenty saves a small fraction of that.
Enter your balance, rate and remaining term above, then set the extra amount. The comparison shows the payoff date, total interest and savings side by side.
Extra monthly, one lump sum, or one extra payment a year
A fixed extra amount every month is the most predictable and usually the most effective per dollar, because it starts working immediately.
One extra full payment a year — a tax refund or bonus — is roughly equivalent to spreading one-twelfth of a payment across each month, which is also what a biweekly schedule achieves. Compare it with the biweekly mortgage calculator.
A one-time lump sum saves the most when it lands early. Applying $10,000 in year two of a 30-year loan saves far more than the same $10,000 in year fifteen.
Make sure it is applied to principal
Servicers commonly apply overpayments to the next scheduled installment instead of principal. Send the extra separately, label it principal only, and check the following statement to confirm your balance dropped by the full amount.
When not to pay extra
Pay off higher-rate debt first — extra dollars on a 6% mortgage are worth less than the same dollars against a 23% card. Keep an emergency fund; money paid into a mortgage is hard to get back without a refinance or HELOC. And skip extra payments on federal student loans if you are pursuing forgiveness.